What is a Bunion?
A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a bony protuberance or prominence that appears on the inside portion of the big toe because the toe itself angles toward the adjacent second toe. It is often accompanied by redness and swelling over the protuberance. This is typically attributed to inflammation of the skin and soft tissues from deformity and pressure exerted by constrictive shoe wear.
Symptoms of a Bunion
Symptoms of a bunion include:
- Pain with wearing shoes
- Redness and inflammation near the base of the big toe
Risk Factors for Bunions
Common risk factors for developing bunions are:
- Tight-fitting, narrow-toed shoes
- High heels
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
How to Prevent Bunion formation?
Bunions can be irritating and negatively impact your quality of life. Most bunions can be avoided or treated at an early stage by adopting the following preventive measures:
- The most important cause of bunions is poor-fitting shoes as they may exert pressure on the bunion. To avoid this, proper-fitting shoes should be used that will reduce pressure on the bunions and relieve the pain and inflammation.
- Always wear shoes with a wide toe box to avoid toe crowding and prevent joint misalignment.
- Avoid wearing high heels as it forces the toe to be pushed forward and causes deformity to the metatarsal bones.
- Use of orthotics or over the counter bunion braces may sometimes help offload pressure on the bunion.
Custom Orthotics
What are Custom Orthotics?
Custom orthotics are specially made devices designed to support and align your feet to address foot-related problems. They are typically recommended by Dr. Richardson based on a detailed assessment of your foot structure, gait, and specific needs, often involving a plaster cast, digital scan, or impression of your foot with an orthotist.
Indications for Custom Orthotics
Custom orthotics are recommended to treat or manage various conditions pertaining to the foot, ankle, or lower limb. These devices are particularly beneficial when over-the-counter insoles or non-custom solutions are insufficient to address specific problems. Some common conditions where custom orthotics may be recommended include:
- Plantar Fasciitis: Chronic pain in the heel or arch due to inflammation of the plantar fascia.
- Heel Spurs: Bony growths on the heel that cause pain, especially when standing or walking.
- Metatarsalgia: Pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot.
- Bunions: Misalignment of the big toe joint causing pain and discomfort.
- Flat Feet (Pes Planus): Lack of proper arch support leading to foot, ankle, and knee pain.
- High Arches (Pes Cavus): Excessive arch causing uneven weight distribution and strain on the foot.
- Leg Length Discrepancy: Differences in leg length that can cause imbalances and pain.
- Overpronation: Excessive inward rolling of the foot during walking or running.
- Supination: Insufficient inward roll, leading to pressure on the outer edges of the feet.
Types of Custom Orthotics
- Functional Orthotics: These are made from semi-rigid materials like plastic or graphite and are designed to control abnormal motion. They are often used to treat conditions like flat feet, high arches, and issues with gait or alignment.
- Accommodative Orthotics: These are softer and provide additional cushioning and support. They are typically used to relieve pain and pressure from conditions like plantar fasciitis, diabetic foot ulcers, or arthritis.
What Does the Custom Orthotics Process Involve?
In general, the custom orthotics process may involve the following:
- Assessment: A thorough evaluation of the patient's feet, including gait analysis and possibly imaging studies, is conducted.
- Molding: A precise mold of the foot is taken using plaster, foam, or digital scanning.
- Fabrication: The mold is sent to a lab where the orthotics are custom-made to fit the patient’s specific needs.
- Fitting: The patient tries on the orthotics to ensure proper fit and comfort, and adjustments can be made if necessary.
How Does Custom Orthotics Work?
Custom orthotics are prescribed medical devices to control biomechanical foot problems. They can improve foot posture, provide arch support while standing and walking, relieve pain, and improve the healing of soft tissue injuries by offloading or redistributing the weight of the body. Dr. Richardson will mostly recommend orthotics in conjunction with other treatment methods and physical therapy.
Benefits of Custom Orthotics
Some of the benefits of custom orthotics include:
- Pain Relief: Custom orthotics can help alleviate pain in the feet, ankles, knees, hips, and lower back by correcting abnormal foot mechanics.
- Improved Foot Function: They can improve gait and balance, reducing the risk of injuries and improving overall mobility.
- Support and Alignment: By providing the necessary support, custom orthotics can help in properly aligning the feet and legs, reducing strain on the joints and muscles